I’ve always been in love with giant dog breeds — those gentle giants that take up half the couch but act like lapdogs.
Here at home, for example, we had a Saint Bernard once. He was a true gentle soul, and his time with us taught me a lot.
One of the most important lessons I learned was how crucial it is to pay attention to congenital diseases — the ones a dog is born with, sometimes without any early signs.
Unfortunately, giant breeds are more prone to certain genetic conditions that can affect their bones, heart, joints, and even vision.
But the good news is, with good care, regular checkups, and informed decisions, it’s very possible to minimize the impact of these conditions.
If you already have or are thinking of bringing home a giant breed (like a Great Dane, Saint Bernard, Neapolitan Mastiff, or Newfoundland), it’s definitely worth knowing what to watch out for.
What are congenital diseases?
They’re conditions a dog is genetically predisposed to.
In some cases, signs appear within the first months of life. In others, they only show up in adulthood.
That’s different from acquired diseases, which come from external factors (like infection, poor diet, or accidents).
For giant breed dogs, genetics play a big role — and can’t be ignored.
The most common congenital diseases in giant breeds
1. Hip dysplasia
This is a classic condition in large dogs. The hip joint doesn’t form correctly, causing pain, stiffness, and in severe cases, even paralysis.
2. Elbow dysplasia
Similar to hip dysplasia, but affects the front legs. It impairs mobility and may cause early-onset arthritis.
3. Dilated cardiomyopathy
Common in breeds like Great Danes and Dobermans. The heart becomes enlarged and weaker, leading to fatigue, coughing, and fainting.
4. Gastric torsion (bloat)
Not exactly congenital, but giant breeds are anatomically predisposed. It’s extremely dangerous and requires emergency surgery.
5. Eye problems
Breeds like Saint Bernards are prone to entropion and ectropion, eyelid disorders that often need surgical correction.
What can be prevented?
You can’t change genetics — but you can control how you care for your dog. Here are steps that really help:
- Choose responsible breeders: Look for those who do genetic testing on the parents. It prevents a lot of future issues.
- See your vet regularly: Routine checkups help detect early signs of congenital issues.
- Request preventive exams: Like joint X-rays, echocardiograms, and blood tests in the first months.
- Watch their weight: Extra pounds seriously worsen orthopedic symptoms.
- Avoid high-impact exercise in puppies: Jumping, stairs, and slippery floors can damage developing joints.
- Feed appropriate food: Giant breed formulas support steady growth, which is key to long-term health.
What I learned at home
Our Saint Bernard, Thor (yes — the same name as my current German Shepherd), had hip dysplasia.
We found out early, thanks to routine vet visits.
With physical therapy, weight control, medication, and supplements, he lived many happy, pain-free years.
The secret? Consistent care and love.
Giant dogs need space, commitment, and — most of all — prevention. Knowing their risks helps you prepare and avoid surprises.
And despite the extra attention they need, I can honestly say: they’re absolutely worth it.
The love they give back matches their size — and that’s priceless. 🐾💙